生活型

tree-shrub

形態特徵

• Deciduous trees up to 20 m high, sometimes shrubs; branchlets with lenticels, pubescent; winter buds ovoid, densely gray-hairy.
• Leaves elliptic-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 12–22 cm long, 4.5–7.3 cm wide, acuminate at apex, rounded or truncate at base, echinate-serrate, with whitish tomentum or soft pubescence beneath, at least on veins, without lepidote glands, the lateral veins 12–21 pairs; petioles short-pilose, 1–2.5 cm long.
• Inflorescence 4–17 cm long; staminate flowers about 4.5 mm long, 4 mm wide; perianth 6-cleft, tomentose outside, long-hairy inside; stamens 10–12, filaments 5–6 mm long, glabrous, anthers 0.2 mm long, 0.1 mm wide, glabrous, longitudinally dehiscent; reduced ovaries hairy, about 0.7 mm long, 0.3 mm wide; pistillate flowers about 6 mm long, 2 mm wide, usually 2–3 clustered in an involucre; involucres 2–3, usually borne at base of staminate inflorescence; ovary 4–7-celled, styles 4–10, stigmas pointed.
• Cupules 5–6 cm long, 4–8 cm broad, 4.5–5 thick, spined, spines 2–3-branched, 1.2–2 cm long, pubescent;nuts 1.8–2.6 cm long, 2–3 cm broad, usually broader than high, scars smaller than base.

物候

Flowering from April to July; Fruits maturing from October to November.

分布

• 台灣 : cultivated in Taipei, Nantou, Taitung, etc., from sea level up to 1,200 m altitude.
• 世界 : India, Sikkim, mainland China and Korea.

引證標本

NANTOU: Chitou, Liao 41. CHIAYI: Liao & Kuo 1623.

參考文獻

• LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 53. 1996.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)